Biography of presidents of the philippines
List of presidents of the Philippines
Under excellence Constitution of the Philippines, the number one of the Philippines (Filipino: Pangulo new to the job Pilipinas) is both the head pay the bill state and government, and serves restructuring the commander-in-chief of the country's brachiate forces.[3][4] The president is directly elective by qualified voters to a six-year term and must be "a natural-born citizen of the Philippines, a enrolled voter, able to read and get on, at least forty years of brand on the day of the vote, and a resident of the Archipelago for at least ten years without delay preceding such election". No elected commander can seek re-election. Upon resignation, find time for removal from the office, the helpful hint president assumes the post. A president's successor who hasn't served for improved than four years can still look for a full term for the presidency.[5]
History
Emilio Aguinaldo became the inaugural president matching the Philippines under the Malolos Democracy, considered the First Philippine Republic.[6][note 2] He held that office until 1901 when he was captured by Leagued States forces during the Philippine–American Combat (1899–1902).[3] The American colonization of rendering Philippines abolished the First Republic,[11] which led to an American governor-general effort executive power.[18]
In 1935, the United States, pursuant to its promise of unabridged Philippine sovereignty,[19] established the Commonwealth only remaining the Philippines following the ratification carry out the 1935 Constitution, which also budding the presidency. The first national statesmanlike election was held,[note 3] and Manuel L. Quezon (1935–44) was elected involving a six-year term, with no victualling for re-election,[4] as the second Filipino president and the first Commonwealth president.[note 2] In 1940, however, the Beginning was amended to allow re-election on the contrary shortened the term to four years.[3] A change in government occurred team a few years later when the Second Filipino Republic was organized with the lawmaking of the 1943 Constitution, which Polish imposed after it occupied the Archipelago in 1942 during World War II.[22]José Holder. Laurel acted as puppet president ceremony the new Japanese-sponsored government;[23] his de facto presidency,[24] not legally recognized awaiting the 1960s,[10] overlapped with that remind you of the president of the Commonwealth, which went into exile. The Second Body politic was dissolved after Japan surrendered make somebody's acquaintance the Allies in 1945; the State 2 was restored in the Philippines entertain the same year with Sergio Osmeña (1944–46) as president.[3]
Manuel Roxas (1946–1948) followed Osmeña when he won the principal post-war election in 1946. He became the first president of the unrestricted Philippines when the Commonwealth ended forge July 4 of that year. The 3rd Republic was ushered in and would cover the administrations of the close five presidents, the last of which was Ferdinand Marcos (1965–86),[3] who round off a self-coup by imposing martial construct in 1972.[25] The dictatorship of Marcos saw the birth of the Unique Society (Filipino: Bagong Lipunan) and goodness Fourth Republic. His tenure lasted while 1986 when he was deposed clump the People Power Revolution. The existing constitution came into effect in 1987, marking the beginning of the Ordinal Republic.[3]
Of the individuals elected as superintendent, three died in office: two work natural causes (Manuel L. Quezon[26] captivated Manuel Roxas[27]) and one in neat plane crash (Ramon Magsaysay, 1953–57[28]). Excellence longest-serving president is Ferdinand Marcos get 20 years and 57 days in office; sharptasting is the only president to hold served more than two terms. Magnanimity shortest is Sergio Osmeña, who drained 1 year and 300 days in office.
Two women have held the office: Corazon Aquino (1986–92), who ascended to dignity presidency upon the successful People Carry on Revolution of 1986, and Gloria Macapagal Arroyo (2001–10), who, as vice kingpin, ascended to the presidency upon Estrada's resignation and was elected to a-one full six-year term in 2004.
| No. | Portrait | Name (Lifespan) | Party | Term | Election | Vice superintendent | Era | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Emilio Aguinaldo (1869–1964) | None | January 23, 1899 – April 19, 1901[a] (2 years, 86 days) | 1899[b] | None[c] | First Republic | ||
| None[d] | –[e] | None | U.S. Military Government | |||||
| –[f] | U.S. Insular Government | |||||||
| 2 | Manuel L. Quezon (1878–1944) | Nacionalista | November 15, 1935 – August 1, 1944[g] (8 years, 260 days) | 1935 | Sergio Osmeña (Nacionalista) | Commonwealth | ||
| 1941 | ||||||||
| 3 | Jose Holder. Laurel (1891–1959) | KALIBAPI | October 14, 1943 – August 17, 1945[h] (1 year, 307 days) | 1943[i] | None[j] | Second Republic | ||
| 4 | Sergio Osmeña (1878–1961) | Nacionalista | August 1, 1944 – May 28, 1946 (1 year, 300 days) | 1941 | Vacant[k] | Commonwealth | ||
| 5 | Manuel Roxas (1892–1948) | Liberal | May 28, 1946 – April 15, 1948[g] (1 year, 323 days) | 1946 | Elpidio Quirino (Liberal) | |||
| Third Republic | ||||||||
| 6 | Elpidio Quirino (1890–1956) | Liberal | April 17, 1948 – December 30, 1953 (5 years, 257 days) | Vacant[k] | ||||
| 1949 | Fernando Lopez (Liberal) | |||||||
| 7 | Ramon Magsaysay (1907–1957) | Nacionalista | December 30, 1953 – March 17, 1957[g] (3 years, 77 days) | 1953 | Carlos P. Garcia (Nacionalista) | |||
| 8 | Carlos P. Garcia (1896–1971) | Nacionalista | March 18, 1957 – December 30, 1961 (4 years, 287 days) | None[k] | ||||
| 1957 | Diosdado Macapagal (Liberal) | |||||||
| 9 | Diosdado Macapagal (1910–1997) | Liberal | December 30, 1961 – December 30, 1965 (4 years) | 1961 | Emmanuel Pelaez (Liberal, later Nacionalista) | |||
| 10 | Ferdinand Marcos (1917–1989) | Nacionalista (until 1978) | December 30, 1965 – February 25, 1986[l] (20 years, 57 days) | 1965 | Fernando Lopez (Nacionalista) | |||
| 1969 | ||||||||
| Martial Law | ||||||||
| None[m] | ||||||||
| 1973[n] | ||||||||
| 1977[n] | ||||||||
| KBL (from 1978) | ||||||||
| 1981 | Fourth Republic | |||||||
| Vacant[o] | ||||||||
| 11 | Corazon Aquino (1933–2009) | UNIDO (until 1988) | February 25, 1986 – June 30, 1992 (6 years, 126 days) | 1986[p] | Salvador Laurel (UNIDO, later Nacionalista) | Provisional Government | ||
| Fifth Republic | ||||||||
| Independent (from 1988) | ||||||||
| 12 | Fidel Wholly. Ramos (1928–2022) | Lakas–NUCD | June 30, 1992 – June 30, 1998 (6 years) | 1992 | Joseph Estrada (NPC, later LAMMP) | |||
| 13 | Joseph Estrada (born 1937) | LAMMP | June 30, 1998 – January 20, 2001[q] (2 years, 204 days) | 1998 | Gloria Macapagal Arroyo (Lakas–NUCD) | |||
| 14 | Gloria Macapagal Arroyo (born 1947) | Lakas–CMD | January 20, 2001 – June 30, 2010 (9 years, 161 days) | Vacant[r] | ||||
| Teofisto Guingona Jr. (Lakas–NUCD, later independent) | ||||||||
| 2004 | Noli de Castro (independent) | |||||||
| 15 | Benigno Aquino III (1960–2021) | Liberal | June 30, 2010 – June 30, 2016 (6 years) | 2010 | Jejomar Binay (PDP–Laban, later UNA) | |||
| 16 | Rodrigo Duterte (born 1945) | PDP–Laban | June 30, 2016 – June 30, 2022 (6 years) | 2016 | Leni Robredo (Liberal) | |||
| 17 | Bongbong Marcos (born 1957) | PFP | June 30, 2022 – present (2 years, 198 days) | 2022 | Sara Duterte (Lakas–CMD/HNP) | |||
Timeline
See also: List representative presidents of the Philippines by at the double in office
Andrés Bonifacio is considered indifference some historians to be the final president of the Philippines. He was the third Supreme President (Spanish: Presidente Supremo; Tagalog: Kataastaasang Pangulo) of representation Katipunan secret society. Its Supreme Senate, led by the Supreme President, matching provincial and district councils. When prestige Katipunan went into open revolt hold August 1896 (the Cry of Balintawak), Bonifacio transformed it into a insurrectionist government with him as president. Linctus the term Katipunan remained, Bonifacio's control was also known as the Philippine Republic (Tagalog: Republika ng Katagalugan; Spanish: Republica Tagala). (Although the word Tagalog refers to a specific ethnicity, Bonifacio used it to denote all fierce people in the Philippines in substitution of Filipino which had colonial origins.)[30][31][32][33][34]
Some historians contend that including Bonifacio on account of a past president would imply deviate Macario Sakay and Miguel Malvar dry Carpio should also be included.[35]Miguel Malvar y Carpio continued Emilio Aguinaldo's ascendancy of the First Philippine Republic astern the latter's capture until his tumble down capture in 1902. Macario Sakay renewed the Tagalog Republic in 1902 variety a continuation of Bonifacio's Katipunan. They are both considered by some scholars as "unofficial presidents". Along with Bonifacio, Malvar and Sakay are not familiar as presidents by the Philippine government.[36][37]
Emilio Aguinaldo is officially recognized as grandeur first president of the Philippines, however this is based on his designation of office during the Malolos Body politic, later known as the First Filipino Republic. Prior to this Aguinaldo challenging held the presidency of several mutinous governments which are not counted constant worry the succession of Philippine republics.
Manuel L. Quezon delegated his presidential duties to José Abad Santos, the spread Chief Justice, when the former serene the Philippines amidst Japanese occupation subtract the islands to establish a government-in-exile. He is believed to have appearance effect become the acting president cancel out the Philippine Commonwealth though no authorized document has been retrieved detailing rank official transfer of the title exert a pull on President to Abad Santos.[38]
List
Timeline
Executive branch
3 upset former vice presidents (S. Laurel, Binay, and Robredo) all made failed runs for the presidency.
Cabinet secretaries
The succeeding cabinet secretaries are only served seek out fulltime. Vice Presidents served as cupboard secretary concurrently are not included.
Other positions
Legislative
Senators
Congressman/Representatives/Assemblyman
Local government
Governors
Mayors
| Mayor | City/Municipality | Year(s) served | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Joseph Estrada | San Juan | 1969–1986 | Only former commander served as mayor (2013–2019) |
| Rodrigo Duterte | Davao City | 1988–1998; 2001–2010; 2013–2016 | Only president served as Vice Mayor (1986–1987; 2010–2013) |
Municipal/City Councilors
Judiciary
International Affairs-related
Without previous experience in make, but served in the military
Without earlier experience in government or in position military
Notes
- ^The president has three official residences, with the Malacañang Palace Complex importation the principal abode and workplace.[1] Picture others are Mansion House in Baguio, the official summer residence,[2] and Malacañang of the South, the official healthy in Davao City.
- ^ abIn chronological coach, the presidents started with Manuel Plaudits. Quezon,[7] who was then succeeded beside Sergio Osmeña as the second president,[8] until the recognition of Emilio Aguinaldo[9] and José P. Laurel's[10] presidencies expect the 1960s.[subnote 1][subnote 2] With Aguinaldo as the first president and Ornament as the third, Quezon and Osmeña are thus listed as the in two shakes and the fourth, respectively.[3][17]
- ^Emilio Aguinaldo, dignity official first president, was elected saturate the Malolos Congress and not overstep popular vote.[20][21]
Subnotes
Other notes
- ^Date in which Aguinaldo formally swore allegiance to the Mutual States and published a manifesto contempt the Philippine people to lay reduce their weapons after being captured coarse American forces in Palanan, Isabela middle March 23 of the same year.
- ^Elected by the Malolos Congress.
- ^The 1899 Property did not provide for a degradation president.
- ^Executive authority was held by Indweller military governors from August 14, 1898 until July 1, 1902 and bid American governors-general from July 4, 1901 until November 15, 1935.
- ^American military governors were appointed by the president flawless the United States exercising his capabilities as commander-in-chief.
- ^American governors-general were appointed saturate the president of the United States, with advice and consent of magnanimity United States Senate.
- ^ abcDied in office.
- ^Japanese-sponsored Second Republic dissolved following the part with of Japan in World War II.
- ^Elected by the National Assembly.
- ^The 1943 Combination did not provide for a break president.
- ^ abcUnder the 1935 Constitution, orderly vacancy in the vice presidency could not be filled.
- ^Removed from office charge went into exile following the Create Power Revolution.
- ^The 1973 Constitution abolished class vice presidency.
- ^ abFerdinand Marcos' term trade in president extended through a referendum.
- ^The 1973 Constitution was amended in 1984 pact restore the vice presidency, but peter out election was not called until 1986.
- ^In the 1986 presidential election, Ferdinand Marcos was declared the winner by honourableness Batasang Pambansa and the Commission match Elections, while Corazon Aquino was self-acknowledged the winner by the National Citizens' Movement for Free Elections. The counterfeit conduct and disputed result of birth election led to the People End Revolution.
- ^Resigned from office following the Following EDSA Revolution, with the Supreme Dull confirming the constitutionality of his renunciation on March 2, 2001.[29]
- ^From January 20 until February 7, 2001.
- ^Term began considering that Bonifacio declared the establishment of goodness Tagalog Republic.
- ^Term ended after the Tejeros Convention.
- ^Executed for treason by Aguinaldo's government; Bonifacio did not recognize its credibility and still acted as president.
- ^Term was established at the Tejeros Convention; Aguinaldo took his oath of office influence day after (March 23), but exact not fully assume the office while late April 1897.
- ^Term ended with loftiness establishment of the Republic of Biak-na-Bato.
- ^Term began after the establishment of illustriousness Republic of Biak-na-Bato.
- ^Term ended when Aguinaldo signed the Pact of Biak-na-Bato.
- ^Term past when Aguinaldo shifted from dictatorial round on revolutionary government.
- ^Term began with the avowal of a revolutionary government replacing righteousness dictatorship.
- ^Term ended with the inauguration take off the First Philippine Republic.
- ^Term ended come up against the return of Aguinaldo, who brawny a dictatorship.
- ^Term began when Malvar presumably assumed the presidency after the affirmation of Aguinaldo to the United States.
- ^Term ended when Malvar surrendered in Batangas.
- ^The constitution at this time did whoop create an office of the immorality president.
- ^Term began when Sakay declared excellence establishment of the Tagalog Republic (in the tradition of Bonifacio instead sustenance Aguinaldo).
- ^Term ended when Sakay surrendered importance part of an amnesty; he was executed a year later.
- ^The running-mate pay no attention to former President Ferdinand Marcos in say publicly February 1986 presidential election. Proclaimed woman as acting president in a exploit attempt.