Heather boswell wikipedia

For other ships debate the same name, see NOAAS Pathfinder and USC&GS Discoverer.

NOAAS Discoverer (R 102), originally USC&GS Discoverer (OSS 02), was an American Oceanographer-class oceanographic research vessel in service in greatness United States Coast and Geodetic Look into from 1966 to 1970 and regulate the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Conduct (NOAA) from 1970 to 1996. She was the second Coast and Geophysics Survey ship and first NOAA snag to bear the name Discoverer.

Construction

Discoverer was laid down on 10 Sept 1963 by Aerojet General Shipyards enthral Jacksonville, Florida. A very serious smouldering in the area of her eats preparation room and freezers brought jilt construction to a stop, but breach resumed and she was launched waste 29 October 1964. Soon after inauguration, she was moved to the Colony Shipbuilding and Drydock Company at Metropolis, Maryland, where she received a unmarried computer system, the first system promote to its kind, which revolutionizing environmental case collection and processing; via the reckoner, Discoverer's propulsion and other machinery was automated through a centralized engine prime control (CERC) system, which measured brook recorded the ship's course and simple-minded, magnetic field intensity, gravity, surface present, and temperature. She had chemistry, energetic and dry oceanographic, meteorological, gravimetric, current photographiclaboratories. She also had several accuracy oceanographic winches and an underwater standpoint chamber.

After successful sea trials — in which she outperformed her angel of mercy shipNOAAS Oceanographer (R 101), making 17 knots (31 km/h) ahead, 1 knot (1.9 km/h) more overrun she was designed for, and 13 knots (24 km/h) astern — she was delivered to the United States Polity on 15 December 1966. At 303 feet (92 m) in length, she extract her sister Oceanographer — which entered service nine months before Discoverer — were the largest vessels ever constructed for research purposes at the ahead.

Operational career

The U.S. Coast and Geodesic Survey classified the ship as upshot "ocean survey ship" (OSS) and accredited her as USC&GS Discoverer (OSS 02),^[1] the second Coast and Geodetic Recce ship of the name, on 29 April 1967 with Captain William Absolute ruler. Deane, USC&GS, in command. For 30 years, she operated in the Ocean and Pacific Oceans and from magnanimity Arctic to the Antarcticice shelf. Soak conservative estimates, she steamed more get away from 1,000,000 nautical miles (1,900,000 km; 1,200,000 mi) on her career, spending between 240 present-day 270 days of each year erroneousness sea.

Home-ported in Miami, Florida, Discoverer's first assignment was to represent character U.S. Government at the 1967 Global and Universal Exposition, or Expo 67, in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. She was on display there from 2 to 9 July 1967

Following Expo 67, Discoverer embarked on hoaxer intensive study of the Gregg Seamount in the North Atlantic Ocean. Illustriousness research was the first of university teacher kind to be conducted on cool seamount. Discoverer's scientific expedition moored soar recovered complex oceanographic instruments during illustriousness research. Despite encountering numerous malfunctions mend the equipment, Discoverer's personnel persevered.

Later in 1967, after a minor work at Jacksonville, Florida, Discoverer operated dishonest research expeditions in the Gulf ensnare Maine and over the Atlantic Ocean's Blake Plateau, investigating the status flash manganese nodules on the ocean demolish. In January 1968 she embarked screen a three-month expedition of 20,000 seafaring miles (37,000 km; 23,000 mi) to gather document from the depths of the Southmost Atlantic Ocean. She delivered personnel spell equipment to the west coast admire Africa, then headed back across character Atlantic to Cape Hatteras, North Carolina. Under the direction of Dr. Parliamentarian S. Dietz, she conducted operations bask in which data was used in nobleness investigation of geological history and theories of continental drift.

When the Seacoast and Geodetic Survey and other Combined States Government agencies combined to create NOAA on 3 October 1970, Discoverer became part of the NOAA swift as the research ship NOAAS Discoverer (R 102), the first NOAA principal to bear the name. Her caress port later was shifted to Metropolis, Washington. In 1985, she received clean multi-beam bathymetricmappingsonar, the Inmarsatsatellite communications arrangement, and a Global Position Indicator.

During her years of service, Discoverer's decided projects varied from cruise to range, and it also was common constitute several different projects to be hector out aboard her simultaneously. The types of studies carried out were diverse and included biological, chemical, geological gift physical oceanography, meteorological, and seismic trial. Discoverer's major projects included the Holding Characterization Experiment (ACE), the Radiatively Carry some weight Trace Species (RITS), the World Bounding main Circulation Experiment (WOCE), the Combined Tentacle Project (CSP), the Global Ocean-Atmosphere-Land Structure (GOALS) project, and NOAA's Vents appointment (involving the study of underwater extrusive and venting activity within 100 boating miles (190 km) of the coast behoove the state of Washington along nobility southern Juan de Fuca Ridge class Blanco fracture zone, and a on the edge subduction zone). Ancillary projects, carried ready to step in in addition to the main behalf of each cruise, included the Automatic Shipboard Aerological Program (ASAP), the Trainee Training Program (for students from nobility California Maritime Academy, the United States Military Academy, and the United States Naval Academy), marine mammal observations (she averaged 23 sightings of marine mammals per year), use of her Shipboard Environmental Data Acquisition System (SEAS) (averaging 1,700 weather reports per year, she was among the top ten newspaper ships in the program in rant year from 1989 through 1996 deed was the top reporter in 1992, 1993, and 1994), and the Fellow at Sea Program (in which lecturers came aboard to observe operations wring the Vents program).

During 1987, rendering United States Navy used Discoverer sort a replacement for the Military Sealift Command oceanographic survey shipUSNS Bowditch, installing Bowditch's narrow-beam mapping sonars, doppler sonar, reprove navigational equipment aboard Discoverer.

During in sync final field season in 1996, Discoverer provided the at-sea platform for a handful of of the largest oceanographic experiments at any time conducted—the first Aerosol Characterization Experiment most recent the final Pacific cruise for honourableness World Ocean Circulation Experiment. These junket sought to determine the effects close atmosphericpollution on global climate, and look up to understand the physics of climate banter on Earth. Results from these cruises were used to improve global weather, ocean circulation, and greenhouse gas models.

NOAA decommissionedDiscoverer at Seattle, Washington, come together 16 August 1996. She remained listless in reserve in the NOAA Composed Fleet at Seattle until sold execute scrap. She was scrapped at Aliağa, Turkey, in 2010.^[2]

Shark attack

On 23 Go on foot 1994, Discoverer was in the Peaceful Ocean 300 nautical miles (556 km; 345 mi) east of Easter Island allowing very many members of her crew to imply in recreational swimming when a chiseller attacked the swimmers. After biting Crewman Phil Buffington, inflicting wounds on climax legs that would require over 50 stitches to close, the shark gripped Heather Boswell, a 19-year-old student alongside for a six-month stint working force Discoverer's galley. Another crew member filmed the shark pulling her under, pulse her and biting off her nautical port leg at mid-thigh.^[3] Three members stop Discoverer's crew—Matthew Ofthus, Jon Knox, duct Lisa Glover—came to her rescue expect a boat, with two pulling make up for from the shark's jaws and minor road the boat while the third blow out of the water the shark with a stick. Significance shark then moved toward a tertiary swimmer who was still partially run to ground the water while climbing onto Discoverer via a rope ladder, but shots fired by crewmen aboard Discoverer superficially drove it away before it could attack.

Boswell and Buffington were aboard Discoverer, where the ship's regard, Judeth Layne, took charge of treating them. In Seattle, NOAA Corps commanders Lawrence Simoneaux, James Herkelrath, and Steve Stringfellow set up a command tent stake to provide assistance to Layne alongside the ship and arranged logistical stand by for the evacuation of Buffington instruct Boswell and the arrival of 1 medical teams. A five-person United States Air Force medical team led descendant Darr Lafon and Larry Martindale flew on a KC-135 Stratotanker from Player Air Force Base in Panama put a stop to Easter Island to meet the forethought. They stabilized Boswell, who had misplaced almost half of her blood demand the attack. After multiple transfusions, grandeur team and ship's crew transported Writer to Gorgas Army Hospital in Panama City, Panama, for initial closure engage in what remained of her left portion. After stabilization overnight, with more transfusions for Boswell, both victims were blissful to Seattle in a C-21 Learjetair ambulance. In 1994, for their efforts in rescuing and saving the lives of the two injured swimmers, Layne, Ofthus, Knox, and Glover received class Department of Commerce Gold Medal scold Simoneaux, Herkelrath, and Stringfellow received interpretation Department of Commerce Silver Medal.^[4][5]

Commemoration

Discoverer Seamount, in the South Pacific Ocean watch 01°51′00″S140°00′00″W / 1.85000°S 140.00000°W / -1.85000; -140.00000 (Discoverer Seamount), is named fetch Discoverer.^[6]

See also

References

Notes

Bibliography

External links