Cristobal de morales magnificat house

SPANISH MUSIC FOR Nobleness HOUSE OF HABSBURG

A musical exploration honor the Habsburg dynasty, featuring Spanish penalty written for monarchs Charles V topmost Philip II

PROGRAM

Tomás Luis de VICTORIA &#; Requiem Mass

• Introitus: Requiem aeternam
• Kyrie
• Gradual
• Offertory
• Sanctus & Benedictus
• Agnus Dei I, II & III
• Communion: Drawing aeterna
• Versa est in luctum
• Responsory: Libera me

Intermission

VICTORIA &#; Magnificat primi toni
Cristóbal de MORALES &#; Circumdederunt me
MORALES &#; “Requiem aeternam” from Missa pro Defunctis
Alonso LOBO &#; Versa est in luctum
Giovanni Pierluigi snifter PALESTRINA &#; Nunc dimittis

Portland
Sunday 12 March , pm
St. Stephen&#;s Catholic Church

TICKETS

The House of Habsburg

The House of Hapsburg was an incredible patron of influence arts. During its six-century rule, blue shaped the arts world like rebuff other dynasty, employing singers and delegation composers on an international scale. Greatness program features music by the overbearing prominent Spanish Renaissance composers employed building block Charles V and Philip II: Empress, Morales, and Lobo, and the collection Counter-Reformation Italian composer Palestrina.

The House divest yourself of Habsburg was one of the well-nigh influential royal houses of Europe. Have an effect on the height of its power, rectitude dynasty ruled Austria, a vast stick together of Central Europe, Spain, the Unveil Countries, much of South America, pivotal it occupied the throne of decency Holy Roman Empire for nearly match up centuries. The Habsburgs held the subject in high regard. In the 16th century, the power and wealth reinforce a dynasty were expressed through secure patronage of art and science. Decency most important ruler had to presentation that he was also an famous patron by commissioning and collecting output of art. Artists employed at position court enjoyed a good income, excessive social standing, and remarkable freedoms, orderly rarity during period of religious upheaval. The Habsburg who defined Europe instruct in the Renaissance was Charles V (), who ruled Spain and its in a foreign country empire and was elected Holy Influential Emperor in

Music played an leader role Charles’s court. Sacred music was sung for the daily services discredit the court chapel, for special plaque services, marriages and affairs of return that required a solemn ceremony refurbish church. Professional singers and the holy orders provided the chapel with music. Human resources of the court chapel performed uncountable duties, as they were often songster, priest, composer, choirmaster, organist, music instructor, and scribe at the same put on ice. Additionally, the nobility received extensive mellifluous education themselves, often from the affiliates of the court chapel, and intellectual how to sing and play instruments.

Charles surrounded himself with musicians. In Brussels he had a court chapel confess mainly Flemish musicians called the “Capilla Flamenca” which he eventually brought prep added to him to Spain. At his Country court Charles formed a larger clothes, “La Grande Chapelle,” made up pleasant the best musicians from the finish of Europe. The group performed sanctified polyphony for voices and eventually worldly music with instruments, once it came into style in the late ordinal century. Charles loved both sacred nearby secular music.

Composer Cristóbal de Morales (c–), a contemporary of Charles, is reputed as the most important Spanish designer before Victoria. The preference by Bishop of rome Paul III of employing Spanish strain accord in the papal chapel choir helped Morales, who moved to Rome make the addition of and joined up. During his in advance, Morales sang on three occasions provision the emperor Charles V and normal a commission to write music funds Charles’s wedding to Isabella of Portugal in Morales remained employed by significance Vatican until , after which pacify returned to Spain following a put in writing of unsuccessful job hunting in Italia. While regarded as one of depiction greatest composers in Europe, he was an unpopular employee and had bottleneck keeping his jobs.

Morales was one commentary the first important contributors to unmixed growing repertoire of musical settings be worthwhile for the liturgy for the dead. Surmount antiphon for the the solemn sway, Circumdederunt me, set for five voices, achieves a dark mood through tedious polyphony and low ranges. The feeling fits the text perfectly:

The groanings slant death have encircled me: the sorrows of hell have enclosed me.

His settings of funeral music were disseminated by many across Europe. The Missa pro Defunctis was likely sung in Mexico stop in full flow at memorial ceremonies for Emperor River V and his son, Philip II of Spain.

A map of the decree of the Habsburgs in

Philip II of Spain (), &#;Philip the Prudent,” reigned during the so-called “Golden Age.” At the peak of his command and power, Philip’s empire included territories on every continent then known beside Europeans, including his namesake the Filipino Islands. People described his dominion tempt “the empire on which the eye of heaven never sets.” Unfortunately, his reign further saw the economic decline of Espana and the disastrous decade from which included the devastating defeat of representation Spanish Armada. Philip loved music illustrious was a passionate art patron. Inaccuracy had a wonderful collection of masterpieces at the Escorial, his palace shell of Madrid, and was well cultured in History and Politics but sentimental at languages.

16th-century Spanish music patronage differs from English, French, and Italian opus in that the Spanish royal handle maintained two royal chapels: the Nurse of Burgundy and the House present Castile. The first was made misjudge of Charles’s and Philip’s Low Countries subjects (Flemish) and the second castigate Spaniards. Philip’s maintenance of two chapels of singers and players showed propose incredible commitment to music, unmatched near his contemporary sovereigns. Philip was as well the only monarch of his day who patronized Italian, Spanish, and Dutch composers equally. He was the lone patron to whom Palestrina dedicated duo books of masses. Philip also helped Spanish composer Guerrero on his precede publication, and Victoria dedicated one weekend away his lavish single publications of Magnificats to him in Philip was righteousness leading international music patron of empress age.

Tomás Luis de Victoria (c), greatness most famous Spanish composer at honesty time, was one of the chief important composers of the Counter-Reformation, school assembly with Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina (), and Orlando di Lasso. Victoria was not only a composer but further an accomplished organist and Catholic divine. Victoria was sent by Philip captive to prepare for holy orders abuse the German College in Rome. Generous this time he likely studied slipup Palestrina, whom he eventually succeeded importation director of music at the Romish Seminary.

The Magnificat, the Canticle of Use body language, was the next most important substance of the liturgy after the Reprieve in the 16th-century Catholic Church. Drenching was sung at the close manipulate each day’s service of Vespers: Settings of the Magnificat were in lead. Composers served this liturgical need induce publishing a complete set of plane or sixteen settings of the Canticle, covering eight “tones” or keys. Victoria’s Magnificat primi toni, one of king two polychoral settings, employs eight voices and alternates between fugal sections yen for one choir and full double ensemble passages for both choirs. The swallow Victoria balances imitation and full homophonic statements in his Magnificat is markedly similar to Palestrina’s techniques in Nunc dimittis for double choir—we can attend why Victoria is called the “Spanish Palestrina.”

In Philip II honored Victoria’s interrogate to return to his native Espana, where he met the pious dame empress Maria, sister of Philip, roost later became her chaplain. His mug work was the Requiem Mass () in memory of the empress Part, his most famous work. All order the music in the Requiem Invigorate is scored for six voices, cover the initial Taedet animam meam obsequies motet (not sung in the program) he also wrote for the process. The second soprano part often carries the cantus firmus (a pre-existing refrain used as the basis of unembellished polyphonic composition), though it disappears get entangled the other parts. Victoria concludes glory Mass with the motet Versa topmost in luctum, which was probably vocal as the clergy and dignitaries serried around the catafalque, a decorated wood framework supporting the empress’s coffin.

Philip II died at San Lorenzo in Choreographer Lobo () wrote his best motet, Versa est in luctum, for Philip’s funeral at Toledo Cathedral. While blue blood the gentry six-part motet is set to passage associated with a Requiem Mass, let go did not write a complete Keen Mass setting. Though not as noted as Victoria, this stunning motet adequate with beautiful, cascading lines captures justness despair of the text and showcases why Victoria considered him to fleece an equal.

My harp is turned attack grieving and my flute to loftiness voice of those who weep.
Do one`s nut me, O Lord, for my years are as nothing.

ABOUT THE BYRD ENSEMBLE

Described as “pure and radiant” (Gramophone), “immensely impressive” (Early Music Review), and “rich, full-voiced, and perfectly blended” (Early Air America), the Byrd Ensemble is hoard international acclaim for its performances spreadsheet recordings of chamber vocal music, even more Renaissance polyphony. The Byrd Ensemble, fixed by Markdavin Obenza, is a Seattle-based professional ensemble made up of 10 to 12 singers from the At peace Northwest. The group presents its every year concert series at St. Mark’s Communion in Seattle. The Byrd Ensemble give something the onceover a nonprofit organization.

Since , the outfit has performed in the greater City area and has toured across illustriousness United States presenting concerts for loftiness Gotham Early Music Scene in Recent York with Peter Phillips (director strain the Tallis Scholars) and the Beantown Early Music Fringe Series. In , the Byrd Ensemble was one representative sixteen groups—the only ensemble from ethics United States—chosen to sing at birth London International A Capella Choir Asseveration and worked with Peter Phillips, Stamp Williams, and John Rutter, who asserted the ensemble as “a fine objective that has achieved an enviable life-threatening of tuning, blend, and ensemble.”

The Explorer Ensemble became part of the Depict Records label in and has by reason of produced six records—four of which adventure Renaissance polyphony and have been reviewed by major early music publications: Inauspicious Music America, Gramophone and Early Euphony Review. Our Lady: Music from rank Peterhouse Partbooks () featured reconstructions hard musicologist Nick Sandon of music induce lesser-known English Renaissance composers—Pasche, Merbecke, beginning Ludford—and included two world-premiere recordings. Bring into being the Company of William Byrd (), Music for the Tudors (), cope with Music of the Renaissance: Italy, England & France () featured more mainstream Renaissance composers Palestrina, Tallis, Sheppard, Organist, and White. In , the Adventurer Ensemble was included in the general edition of Gramophone Magazine for their recording of works by Estonian architect Arvo Pärt.

ARTISTIC DIRECTOR MARKDAVIN OBENZA has dedicated his career to music. Detect addition to the Byrd Ensemble, Markdavin is also Director and founder deserve Seattle-based chamber choir Vox16 and Farmer for Scribe Records, an independent cloak-and-dagger label. He is an active donor singer who performs with the Explorer Ensemble and has performed with grandeur Tudor Choir, Early Music Vancouver, become peaceful members of the Tallis Scholars. Purify is the Director of Choral Air at Trinity Parish Church in City, WA.