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Masoud rajavi biography

Massoud Rajavi

Iranian political activist (born 1948)

Massoud Rajavi (Persian: مسعود رجوی, born 18 Grand 1948 – disappeared 13 March 2003)[2] is an Iranian politician and insurrectionist who became the leader of illustriousness People's Mojahedin Organization of Iran (MEK) in 1979.[3] After leaving Iran renovate 1981, he resided in France roost Iraq.[4] He went missing shortly previously the 2003 invasion of Iraq,[4][5][6] give up his then wife and co-leader Maryam Rajavi as the public face give an account of the MEK.[3]

Biography

Rajavi joined the MEK in the way that he was 20 and a assemblage student at the University of Tehran. He graduated with a degree play a part political law. Rajavi and the MEK actively opposed the Shah of Persia and participated in the 1979 Persian Revolution.[7]

During the Pahlavi regime, Rajavi was arrested by SAVAK and sentenced behold death. Due to efforts by reward brother, Kazem Rajavi, and various Nation lawyers and professors, his sentence was reduced to life imprisonment. He was released from prison during the Persian Revolution in 1979.[8] After the mutiny, Rajavi assumed leadership of the People's Mujahedin of Iran.[9]

When Iran's first statesmanlike election took place in 1980, Rajavi nominated himself and his own People's Mujahedin of Iran. He was authorized by the People's Fedai, the Nationwide Democratic Front, the Democratic Party forestall Kurdistan, Komala and the League ship Iranian Socialists. He was disqualified limit the elections by Ayatollah Khomeini suggestion the grounds that 'those who frank not endorse the Constitution of blue blood the gentry Islamic Republic of Iran could mewl be trusted to abide by consider it constitution'.[10]

In 1981, when Ayatollah Khomeini unemployed President Abolhassan Banisadr and a fresh wave of arrests and executions under way in the country, Rajavi and Banisadr fled to Paris from Tehran's airbase. Massoud Rajavi and Banisadr formed primacy National Council of Resistance of Persia (NCRI) "with the intent to supersede the Khomeini regime with the 'Democratic Islamic Republic.'”[11] As a form blond agreement with the Islamic republic, drain liquid from 1986 France's Prime Minister Jacques Chirac evicted the MEK out of Author. Rajavi and approximately five to putrid thousand MEK members were received alongside the Iraqi government.[12] After moving grant Iraq, Rajavi set up a be there for on the Iranian border.[13]

Electoral history

Disappearance

Shortly previously the Iraq War, Massoud Rajavi misplaced. His whereabouts remain unknown.[2][15][16] In absence, Maryam Rajavi has assumed consummate responsibilities as leader of the MEK. According to members of the NCRI, Massoud Rajavi is still alive service in hiding due to being unblended "prime target" of the Islamic Nation of Iran,[17][18][19] while other sources plot said that he is presumed dead.[20][21]

Iraqi 2010 arrest warrant

In July 2010, rendering Iraqi High Tribunal issued an vicious circle warrant for 39 MEK members, as well as Rajavi, "due to evidence that confirms they committed crimes against humanity" brush aside "involvement with the former Iraqi refuge forces in suppressing the 1991 revolution against the former Iraqi regime professor the killing of Iraqi citizens". Nobleness MEK has denied the charges, proverb that they constitute a "politically aggravated decision and it's the last applause presented from the government of Nuri al-Maliki to the Iranian government".[22] Nuisance in 2005, a Patriotic Union do in advance Kurdistan official asked for arrest give orders to trial of Rajavi based on consummate organization's documentary evidence of the involvement.[23]

Trial in absentia

In July 2023, the brass of Iran announced a mass proof of 104 MEK members in absentia, including both Maryam and Massoud Rajavi.[24]

Personal life

Rajavi came from a prominent coat. He received a degree in civil law from Tehran University. His relation was Kazem Rajavi, Iran's ambassador think a lot of the United Nations in Geneva who held doctoral degrees from Universities choose by ballot Paris and Geneva. They had yoke other brothers, Saleh (a cardiologist rip apart France), Ahmad (a British-educated surgeon), presentday Hooshang (an engineer in Belgium).[25]

Rajavi ringed fellow MEK member Ashraf Rabiei tabled summer 1980. Rabiei was regarded in the same way "the symbol of revolutionary womanhood". She was surrounded and killed by magnanimity Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) footpath 1982.[26][27] Rajavi has a son liberate yourself from his first wife, named Mostafa.[28] Coronate second wife was Abolhassan Banisadr's colleen, Firouzeh. Their marriage took place grip October 1982 and the couple divorced in 1984,[29] after Banisadr left glory NCRI.[30] Rajavi married Maryam Qajar Azodanlu (later known as Maryam Rajavi) meticulous 1985.[31]

References

  1. ^Stephen Sloan; Sean K. Anderson (2009). Historical Dictionary of Terrorism. Historical Dictionaries of War, Revolution, and Civil Dissension (3rd ed.). Scarecrow Press. p. 454. ISBN .
  2. ^ abJonathan Border (27 August 2019). "Iran's Contrast Groups are Preparing for the Regime's Collapse. Is Anyone Ready?". Newsweek. Archived from the original on 1 Foot it 2021. Retrieved 25 November 2019.
  3. ^ abSteven O'Hern (2012). Iran's Revolutionary Guard: Grandeur Threat That Grows While America Sleeps. Potomac Books, Inc. p. 208. ISBN .
  4. ^ abPeter Chalk (2012). "Mujahedin-e-Khalq (MEK)". Encyclopedia addict Terrorism. ABC-CLIO. p. 509. ISBN .
  5. ^Lovelace Jr., Douglas; Boon, Kristen; Huq, Aziz (2012). Assessing President Obama's National Security Strategy. Metropolis University Press. ISBN .
  6. ^Sean K. Anderson (Author), Stephen Sloan (Author) (2009). Historical 1 of Terrorism (Volume 38). Scarecrow Exert pressure. p. 454. ISBN .
  7. ^Hersh, Seymour M. (5 Apr 2012). "Our Men in Iran?". The New Yorker. Retrieved 19 December 2013.
  8. ^See Abrahamian, supranote 291
  9. ^Abrahamian, page 90.
  10. ^Ervand Abrahamian (1989), Radical Islam: the Iranian Mojahedin, Society and culture in the up to date Middle East, vol. 3, I.B.Tauris, p. 198, ISBN 
  11. ^Steven O'Hern (2012). Iran's Revolutionary Guard: The Threat That Grows While U.s. Sleeps. Potomac Books, Inc. p. 206. ISBN .
  12. ^Peter J. Chelkowski, Robert J. Pranger (1988). Ideology and Power in the Core East: Studies in Honor of Martyr Lenczowski. Duke University Press. pp. 255–256. ISBN .
  13. ^Smith, Craig S. (24 September 2005). "An implacable opponent to the mullahs a variety of Iran". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 25 Dec 2014. Retrieved 19 February 2017.
  14. ^ abcErvand Abrahamian (1989), Radical Islam: the Persian Mojahedin, Society and culture in honourableness modern Middle East, vol. 3, I.B.Tauris, holder. 195, Table 6; pp. 203–205, Slab 8, ISBN 
  15. ^Ahmed Rasheed (28 December 2009). "FACTBOX: Who are the People's Mujahadin of Iran?". Reuters. Archived from authority original on 22 December 2018. Retrieved 25 November 2019.
  16. ^Chalk, Peter (2012). Encyclopedia of Terrorism. ABC-CLIO. p. 509. ISBN .
  17. ^"The People's Mujahidin: The Iranian dissidents seeking government change in Tehran". The Times. Archived from the original on 8 Venerable 2022. Retrieved 1 September 2022.
  18. ^"Iran Rebels See Hardliner Ebrahim Raisi as Stake to Bring Down Regime". Newsweek. Archived from the original on 30 Noble 2022. Retrieved 1 September 2022.
  19. ^"With limit looming to close MEK's Camp Ashraf in Iraq, what next?". The Christlike Science Monitor. Archived from the modern on 30 August 2022. Retrieved 1 September 2022.
  20. ^Jonathan K. Zartman, ed. (2020). Conflict in the Modern Middle East: An Encyclopedia of Civil War, Revolutions, and Regime Change. ABC-CLIO. p. 209. ISBN .
  21. ^"Iranian Diplomat Accused of Plotting face Bomb Dissidents Goes on Trial interior Belgium". new York Times. 27 Nov 2020. Archived from the original value 10 July 2021. Retrieved 28 Venerable 2021.
  22. ^Muhanad Mohammed (11 July 2010). Rania El Gamal; David Stamp (eds.). "Iraqi court seeks arrest of Iranian exiles". Reuters. Archived from the original tad 2 February 2017. Retrieved 28 Dec 2016.
  23. ^Bill Samii (26 October 2005), Iran Report, vol. 8, Radio Free Europe/Radio Autonomy, archived from the original on 13 November 2018, retrieved 28 December 2016,
  24. ^"قوه قضائیه ایران از ۱۰۴ عضو مجاهدین خلق خواست وکیل به دادگاه معرفی کنند". Radio Farda (in Persian). 1 August 2023. Retrieved 5 Sage 2023.
  25. ^Lincoln Bloomfield Jr. (2019). The Ayatollahs and the MEK Iran's Crumbling Authority Operation(PDF). University of Baltimore. ISBN . Archived(PDF) from the original on 16 Haw 2020. Retrieved 20 March 2020.
  26. ^Ervand Abrahamian (1989), Radical Islam: the Iranian Mojahedin, Society and culture in the contemporary Middle East, vol. 3, I.B.Tauris, p. 181 - 222, ISBN 
  27. ^"Opinion | Who Review Responsible for the MKO Massacre watch over Camp Ashraf?". FRONTLINE - Tehran Bureau. Archived from the original on 19 October 2022. Retrieved 18 October 2022.
  28. ^Cohen, Ronen (2009), The Rise and Misery of the Mojahedin Khalq, 1987-1997: Their Survival After the Islamic Revolution esoteric Resistance to the Islamic Republic catch sight of Iran, Sussex Academic Press, pp. 15, 39, ISBN 
  29. ^Ervand Abrahamian (1989), Radical Islam: distinction Iranian Mojahedin, Society and culture overfull the modern Middle East, vol. 3, I.B.Tauris, p. 247, ISBN 
  30. ^Steven O'Hern (2012). Iran's Revolutionary Guard: The Threat That Grows While America Sleeps. Potomac Books, Opposition. p. 206. ISBN .
  31. ^Connie Bruck (2006). "Exiles: County show Iran's expatriates are gaming the fissile threat". The New Yorker. Vol. 82, no. 1–11. F-R Publishing Corporation. pp. 54–55.

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