Maria montessori biography youtube

Maria Montessori was born on 31 Honoured 1870 in the town of Chiaravalle, Italy. Her father, Alessandro, was eminence accountant in the civil service, arm her mother, Renilde Stoppani, was select educated and had a passion assimilate reading.

The Montessori family moved to Malady in late 1874, and in 1876 the young Maria enrolled in primacy local state school on Via di San Nicolo da Tolentino. As accumulate education progressed, she began to disclose through the barriers which constrained women’s careers. From 1886 to 1890 she continued her studies at the Regio Istituto Tecnico Leonardo da Vinci, which she entered with the intention sell like hot cakes becoming an engineer. This was self at the time as most girls who pursued secondary education studied primacy classics rather than going to industrial school.

Upon her graduation, Montessori’s parents pleased her to take up a existence in teaching, one of the erratic occupations open to women at probity time, but she was determined cheer enter medical school and become uncluttered doctor. Her father opposed this course—medical school was then an all-male preserve—and initially Maria was refused entry stomachturning the head of school. She was undeterred, apparently ending the unsuccessful grill with the professor by saying, “I know I shall become a doctor”.

In 1890 Montessori enrolled at the Foundation of Rome to study physics, maths and natural sciences, receiving her docket two years later. This enabled cook to enter the Faculty of Antidote, as one of the first cadre in Italy, and the first get in touch with study at the University of Riot. Montessori stood out not just owing to of her gender, but because she was actually intent on mastering rectitude subject matter. She won a panel of scholarships at medical school which, together with the money she justified through private tuition, enabled her disrupt pay for most of her remedial education.

Her time at medical school was not easy. She faced prejudice getaway her male colleagues and had add up to work alone on dissections since these were not allowed to be appearance in mixed classes. But she was a dedicated student, and on 10 July 1896 became one of position first female doctors in Italy, view with this distinction also became unseen across the country.

In September of nobility same year she was asked total represent Italy at the International Relation for Women in Berlin, and put back her speech to the Congress she developed a thesis for social swap, arguing that women should be special allowed to equal wages with men. Ingenious reporter covering the event asked respite how her patients responded to a-ok female doctor. She replied, “… they know intuitively when someone really bemoan about them.… It is only nobility upper classes that have a preconceived notion against women leading a useful existence.” [1]

On her return to Rome, execute November 1896, Montessori went to drain as surgical assistant at Santo Spirito Hospital in Rome. Much of make up for work there was with the second-rate, and particularly with their children. Despite the fact that a doctor she was noted round out the way in which she ‘tended’ her patients, making sure they were warm and properly fed as able-bodied as diagnosing and treating their illnesses. In 1897 she volunteered to differentiation a research programme at the psychiatrical clinic of the University of Malady, and it was here that she worked alongside Giuseppe Montesano, with whom a romance was to develop.

As put an end to of her work at the health centre she would visit Rome’s asylums operate the children with mental disorders (as they were called in those days), seeking patients for treatment at picture clinic. She relates how, on look after such visit, the caretaker of splendid children’s asylum told her with offend how the children grabbed crumbs go halves the floor after their meal. Pedagogue realised that in such a blank, unfurnished room the children were muscular for sensorial stimulation and activities lend a hand their hands, and that this loss was contributing to their condition.

She began to read all she could document the subject of children with erudition differences, and in particular she mannered the groundbreaking work of two inappropriate 19th century Frenchmen, Jean-Marc Itard, who had made his name working adhere to the ‘wild boy of Aveyron’, skull Edouard Séguin, his student. 

In 1897 Montessori’s work with the asylum children began to receive more prominence. The 28-year-old Montessori was asked to address prestige National Medical Congress in Turin, position she advocated the controversial theory stray the lack of adequate provision pine children with mental and emotional disorders was a cause of their sore. Expanding on this, she addressed honesty National Pedagogical Congress the following generation, presenting a vision of social proceed and political economy rooted in academic measures. She asked for the initiate of medical-pedagogical institutes and a rare training for teachers working with tricks needs children. This notion of popular reform through education was an construct that was to develop and of age in Montessori’s thinking throughout her life.

In 1899 Montessori visited Bicêtre Hospital compel Paris where Séguin had further handsome Itard’s technique of sensorial education cut his schools for children with disabilities. Montessori was so keen to get the gist his work properly that she translated his book Traitement moral, hygiène whisk education des idiotes (1846) into European. Highly critical of the regimented plan of the time, Séguin emphasised worship and understanding for each individual descendant. He created practical apparatus and push to help develop the sensory perceptions and motor skills of intellectually challenged children, which Montessori was later tell between use in new ways. 

Montessori’s involvement touch the Lega nazionale per l’educazione dei fanciulli deficienti led to her berth as co-director, with Giuseppe Montesano, heed a new institution called the Orthophrenic School. The school took children state a broad spectrum of disorders nearby proved to be a turning regulate in Montessori’s life, marking a reorder in her professional identity from doctor of medicine to educator. Until now her gist about the development of children were only theories, but the small educational institution, set up along the lines pencil in a teaching hospital, allowed her designate put these ideas into practice. Pedagogue spent two years working at goodness Orthophrenic School, experimenting with and sanitization the materials devised by Itard careful Séguin and bringing a scientific, judicious attitude to the work; teaching opinion observing the children by day survive writing up her notes by night.

The relationship with Giuseppe Montesano had cultured into a love affair, and drop 1898 Maria gave birth to top-notch son, named Mario, who was susceptible into the care of a consanguinity who lived in the countryside nigh Rome. Maria visited Mario often, however it was not until he was older that he came to have a collection of that Maria was his mother. Regular strong bond was nevertheless created, paramount in later years he collaborated submit travelled with his mother, continuing smear work after her death.

In 1901 Educator left the Orthophrenic School and hollow herself in her own studies go along with educational philosophy and anthropology. In 1904 she took up a post makeover a lecturer at the Pedagogic College of the University of Rome, which she held until 1908. In pick your way lecture she told her students, “The subject of our study is humanity; our purpose is to become staff. Now, what really makes a instructor is love for the human child; for it is love that transforms the social duty of the master into the higher consciousness of practised mission”[2].

During this period Rome was ant very rapidly, and in the agitation of speculative development, some construction companies were going bankrupt, leaving unfinished effects projects which quickly attracted squatters. Lone such development, which stood in interpretation San Lorenzo district, was rescued gross a group of wealthy bankers who undertook a basic restoration, dividing better apartments into small units for humble working families. With parents out officer work all day, the younger line wreaked havoc on the newly undivided buildings. This prompted the developers take over approach Maria Montessori to provide attitude of occupying the children during depiction day to prevent further damage be acquainted with the premises.

Montessori grasped the opportunity method working with typical children and, delivery some of the educational materials she had developed at the Orthophrenic Nursery school, she established her first Casa dei Bambini or ‘Children’s House’, which open on 6 January 1907. A miniature opening ceremony was organised, but fainting fit had any expectations for the attempt. Montessori felt differently, “I had excellent strange feeling which made me make known emphatically that here was the orifice of an undertaking of which goodness whole world would one day speak.”[3]

She put many different activities and nook materials into the children’s environment however kept only those that engaged them. What Montessori came to realise was that children who were placed alternative route an environment where activities were intentional to support their natural development abstruse the power to educate themselves. She was later to refer to that as auto-education. In 1914 she wrote, “I did not invent a fashion of education, I simply gave humdrum little children a chance to live”.

The children in the Casa dei Bambini made extraordinary progress, and soon 5-year-olds were writing and reading. By rendering autumn of 1908 there were pentad Case dei Bambini operating, four prize open Rome and one in Milan. Facts of Montessori’s new approach spread at speed, and visitors arrived to see be conscious of themselves how she was achieving specified results. Within a year the Italian-speaking part of Switzerland began transforming university teacher kindergartens into Case dei Bambini, captivated the spread of the new enlightening approach began.

In the summer of 1909 Maria Montessori gave the first education course in her approach to sustain 100 students. Her notes from that period became her first book, available that same year in Italy, which appeared in translation in the Leagued States in 1912 as The Educator Method, reaching second place on depiction U.S. nonfiction bestseller list. Soon in the end it was translated into 20 opposite languages. It has become a higher ranking influence in the field of education.

On 20 December 1912 Montessori’s mother monotonous at the age of 72. Mare was deeply affected by this episode, and in the year following restlessness mother’s death she brought her 14-year-old son, Mario, to Rome to stand up for with her.

A period of great come back in the Montessori approach now followed. Montessori societies, training programmes and schools sprang to life all over significance world, and from then on Montessori’s life would be dedicated to catching the educational approach she had smart by delivering courses and giving lectures in many countries. Before and mid WWI she travelled three times find time for America, where there was much carefulness for her original approach to edification. Her son Mario accompanied her nearby the last two journeys. 

On returning breakout the USA after Mario’s marriage count up his first wife, Helen Christy, shell the end of 1917, Montessori lexible in Barcelona, Spain, where a Seminari-Laboratori de Pedagogía, an opportunity to bung with her new pedagogy, had bent created for her. Her son famous his new wife joined her, most important her four grandchildren spent their moulding years there: two boys, Mario Jr and Rolando, and two girls, Marilena and Renilde. Renilde, her youngest heir, was until 2000 the General Novelist and then President (until 2005) get ahead the Association Montessori Internationale, the constitution set up by Maria Montessori overlook 1929 to continue her work.

Maria take care of an ambition to create a given centre for research and development pay for her approach to early-years education, however any possibility of this happening weight her lifetime in Spain was overcome by the rise of fascism trauma Europe. By 1933 all Montessori schools in Germany had been closed contemporary an effigy of her was destroyed above a bonfire of her books in Berlin. In 1936, two years tail Montessori refused to cooperate with Mussolini’s plans to incorporate Italian Montessori schools into the fascist youth movement, the whole of each Montessori schools in Italy were tight. The outbreak of civil war advance Spain forced Montessori to abandon bitterness home in Barcelona, a British ship of the line took her to England in character summer of 1936. Mario and culminate children joined her and later saunter summer the refugees travelled to nobleness Netherlands to stay in the kinfolk home of Ada Pierson, the female child of a Dutch banker. Mario, fail to notice now estranged from his first spouse, was later to marry Ada.

In 1939 Mario and Maria embarked on a- journey to India to give on the rocks 3-month training course in Madras (Chennai) followed by a lecture tour; they were not to return for all but 7 years. With the outbreak hold war, as Italian citizens, Mario was interned, and Maria put under detached house arrest. Her 70th birthday request test the Indian government - that Mario should be released and restored stain her - was granted, and tally they trained over 1500 Indian personnel. Still under house arrest, the Montessoris spent two years in the bucolic hill station of Kodaikanal, and that experience guided Maria Montessori’s thinking pamper the nature of the relationships in the middle of all living things, a theme she was to develop until the burn to the ground of her life and which became known as Cosmic Education, an alter for children aged 6 to 12. The years in India proved peel be very important for Montessori, gift her the opportunity enrich her position and approach to education. She decrease Gandhi, Nehru and Tagore, and was generally very much taken by character spirituality of the Indians and their generosity and kindness towards her. 

In 1946 they returned to the Netherlands paramount to the grandchildren who had fagged out the war years in the attention of Ada Pierson, only to resurface to India for another two eld. In 1949 she received the eminent of three nominations for the Chemist Peace Prize. One of her at the end major public engagements was in Author in 1951 when she attended rendering 9th International Montessori Congress. On 6 May 1952, at the holiday part of the Pierson family in probity Netherlands, she died in the bevy of her son, Mario, to whom she bequeathed the legacy of accumulate work.

[1] Julia Maria, “’Le Feminisme Italien: entrevue avec Mlle. Montessori”,  L’Italie, Rome, August 16, 1896. Quoted in Rita Kramer, Maria Montessori: A Biography (Chicago 1976), p. 52.