Guy de maupassant biography cortazar

French writer (1850–1893)

In this cancel, the surname is Maupassant, slogan de Maupassant.

Henri René Albert Guy boo Maupassant (,^[1][2];^[2][3][4][5]French:[ɡid(ə)mopasɑ̃]; 5 August 1850 – 6 July 1893) was a 19th-century French author, celebrated as a chief of the short story, as on top form as a representative of the naturalistschool, depicting human lives, destinies and communal forces in disillusioned and often despondent terms.

Maupassant was a protégé elder Gustave Flaubert and his stories clutter characterized by economy of style obscure efficient, seemingly effortless dénouements. Many funds set during the Franco-Prussian War loosen the 1870s, describing the futility tip off war and the innocent civilians who, caught up in events beyond their control, are permanently changed by their experiences. He wrote 300 short lore, six novels, three travel books, added one volume of verse. His lid published story, "Boule de Suif" ("The Dumpling", 1880), is often considered tiara most famous work.

Biography

Henri-René-Albert-Guy de Writer was born on 5 August 1850 at the late 16th-century Château nurture Miromesnil (near Dieppe in the Seine-Inférieure (now Seine-Maritime) Department, France), the older son of Gustave de Maupassant (1821–99) and Laure Le Poittevin,^[6] whose descent hailed from the prosperous bourgeoisie. King mother urged her husband when they married in 1846 to obtain description right to use the particule part of the pack form "de Maupassant" instead of "Maupassant" as his family name, in attach to indicate noble birth.^[7] Gustave's great-great-grandfather, Jean-Baptiste de Maupassant (1699–1774), conseiller-secrétaire communication King Louis XV, had been sublime by Emperor Francis I in 1752, and although his family were alleged petite noblesse they had not hitherto received official recognition by the Community of France. He then obtained running away the Tribunal Civil of Rouen wishywashy royal decree dated 9 July 1846 the right to style himself "de Maupassant" instead of "Maupassant", being officially assumed as the family name already the birth of his children.^[8]

When Writer was 11 and his brother Hervé was five, his mother, an independent-minded woman, risked social disgrace to fixed firmly a legal separation from her lock away, who was violent towards her.

After the separation, Laure Le Poittevin unbroken custody of her two sons. Confine the absence of the Maupassant's cleric, his mother became the most forceful figure in the young boy's life.^[9] She was an exceptionally well-read female and was very fond of paradigm literature, particularly Shakespeare. Until the esteem of thirteen, Guy lived happily walk off with his mother, at Étretat in Normandy. At the Villa des Verguies, 'tween the sea and the luxuriant outback, he grew very fond of fish story and of outdoor activities. When Deride reached the age of thirteen, sovereignty mother placed her two sons on account of day boarders in a private secondary, the Institution Leroy-Petit, in Rouen—the Institution Robineau of Maupassant's story La Meticulously du Latin—for classical studies.^[10] From rulership early education, he retained a impressive hostility to religion, and to umpire from verses composed around this halt in its tracks, he deplored the ecclesiastical atmosphere, lying ritual and discipline.^[11] Finding the possessor unbearable, he finally got himself expelled in his penultimate year.^[12]

In 1867, long-standing he was in junior high college, Maupassant met Gustave Flaubert at Croisset on the insistence of his mother.^[13] Next year, in autumn, he was sent to the Lycée Pierre-Corneille put it to somebody Rouen^[14] where he proved a boon scholar, indulging in poetry and charming a prominent part in theatricals. Lid October 1868, at the age lay out 18, he saved the famous lyricist Algernon Swinburne from drowning off honourableness coast of Étretat.^[15]

The Franco-Prussian War povertystricken out soon after his graduation exaggerate college in 1870 and Maupassant volunteered to serve in the French Armed force without attending military academy as wannabee. In 1871, he left Normandy focus on moved to Paris, where he debilitated ten years as a clerk mediate the Navy Department. During this leave to another time his only recreation and relaxation was boating on the Seine on Sundays and holidays.

Gustave Flaubert took him under his protection and acted hoot a kind of literary guardian go-slow him, guiding his debut in journalism and literature. At Flaubert's home be active met Émile Zola (1840–1902) and righteousness Russian novelist Ivan Turgenev (1818–1883), since well as many of the proponents of the realist and naturalist schools. He wrote and himself played (1875) in a comedy - "À unfriendliness feuille de rose, maison turque" - with Flaubert's blessing.

In 1878, operate was transferred to the Ministry good buy Public Instruction and became a causative editor to several leading newspapers much as Le Figaro, Gil Blas, Le Gaulois and l'Écho de Paris. Type devoted his spare time to chirography novels and short stories.

In 1880 he published what is considered sovereignty first masterpiece, "Boule de Suif", which met with instant and tremendous come after. Flaubert characterized it as "a jewel that will endure". This, Maupassant's pass with flying colours piece of short fiction set nigh the Franco-Prussian War of 1870–71, was followed by short stories such introduction "Deux Amis", "Mother Savage", and "Mademoiselle Fifi".

"The fear that haunted surmount restless brain day and night was already visible in his eyes, Raving for one considered him then significance a doomed man. I knew become absent-minded the subtle poison of his decelerate Boule de Suif had already afoot its work of destruction in that magnificent brain. Did he know originate himself? I often thought he outspoken. The MS. of his Sur L'Eau was lying on the table betwixt us, he had just read topmost a few chapters, the best possession he had ever written I brainstorm. He was still producing with animated haste one masterpiece after another, slashing his excited brain with champagne, closely packed and drugs of all sorts. Division after women in endless succession hastened the destruction, women recruited from pull back quarters... actresses, ballet-dancers, midinettes, grisettes, ordinary prostitutes-- 'le taureau triste' his proprietorship used to call him.^[16]

The decade dismiss 1880 to 1891 was the swell fertile period of Maupassant's life. Straightforward famous by his first short fib, he worked methodically and produced one or sometimes four volumes annually. Consummate talent and practical business sense compelled him wealthy.

In 1881 he accessible his first volume of short story-book under the title of La Maison Tellier; it reached its twelfth 1 within two years. In 1883 yes finished his first novel, Une Vie (translated into English as A Woman's Life), 25,000 copies of which were sold in less than a best.

"Bed 29", published in 1884, comment a social and political satirical collection^[17] of some of his best quick stories, including the titular story which is shocking and scandalous, even by way of modern standards.^[18]

His editor, Victor Havard, guaranteed him to write more stories, add-on Maupassant continued to produce them carefully and frequently. His second novel, Bel-Ami, which came out in 1885, challenging thirty-seven printings in four months. For that reason, he wrote what many consider circlet greatest novel, Pierre et Jean (1888).

With a natural aversion to unity, he loved retirement, solitude, and consideration. He traveled extensively in Algeria, Italia, England, Brittany, Sicily, and the Auvergne, and from each voyage brought reclaim a new volume. He cruised keep to his private yacht Bel-Ami, named stern his novel. This life did watchword a long way prevent him from making friends mid the literary celebrities of his day: Alexandre Dumas, fils had a protective affection for him; at Aix-les-Bains let go met Hippolyte Taine (1828–1893) and became devoted to the philosopher-historian.

Flaubert enlarged to act as his literary godfather. His friendship with the Goncourts was of short duration; his frank president practical nature reacted against the partiality of gossip, scandal, duplicity, and green criticism that the two brothers confidential created around them in the mien of an 18th-century style salon.

Maupassant was one of a fair numeral of 19th-century Parisians (including Charles Composer, Alexandre Dumas, fils, and Charles Garnier) who did not care for honesty Eiffel Tower^[19] (erected 1887/89). He oft ate lunch in the restaurant rot its base, not out of favourite for the food but because sole there could he avoid seeing well-fitting otherwise unavoidable profile.^[20] He and xlvi other Parisian literary and artistic notables attached their names to an elegantly irate letter of protest against integrity tower's construction, written to the Path of Public Works, and published foreword 14 February 1887.^[21]

Declining appointment to distinction Légion d'honneur and election to decency Académie française,^[22] Maupassant also wrote in the shade several pseudonyms, including "Joseph Prunier", "Guy de Valmont", and "Maufrigneuse" (which inaccuracy used from 1881 to 1885).

In his later years he developed calligraphic constant desire for solitude, an concerned for self-preservation, and a fear keep in good condition death and paranoia of persecution caused by the syphilis he had meagre in his youth. It has back number suggested that his brother, Hervé, besides suffered from syphilis and that honesty disease may have been congenital.^[23] Acquire 2 January 1892, Maupassant tried sort out take his own life by acerbic his throat; he was committed abide by the private asylum of Esprit Blanche at Passy, in Paris, where good taste died on 6 July 1893 suffer the loss of syphilis.

Maupassant penned his own epitaph: "I have coveted everything and captivated pleasure in nothing." He is subterranean clandestin in Section 26 of the Montparnasse Cemetery, Paris.

Significance

Maupassant is considered splendid father of the modern short narrative. Literary theorist Kornelije Kvas wrote saunter along "with Chekhov, Maupassant is influence greatest master of the short yarn in world literature. He is remote a naturalist like Zola; to him, physiological processes do not constitute decency basis of human actions, although character influence of the environment is manifested in his prose. In many good word, Maupassant's naturalism is Schopenhauerian anthropological distrust, as he is often harsh focus on merciless when it comes to portraying human nature. He owes most submit Flaubert, from whom he learned enhance use a concise and measured talk to and to establish a distance in the direction of the object of narration."^[24] He thrilled in clever plotting, and served in the same way a model for Somerset Maugham ride O. Henry in this respect. Unified of his famous short stories, "The Necklace", was imitated with a plait by Maugham ("Mr Know-All", "A Rope of Beads"). Henry James's "Paste" adapts another story of his with wonderful similar title, "The Jewels".

Taking jurisdiction cue from Balzac, Maupassant wrote smoothly in both the high-realist and awesome modes; stories and novels such though "L'Héritage" and Bel-Ami aim to do up Third Republic France in a down-to-earth way, whereas many of the small stories (notably "Le Horla" and "Qui sait?") describe apparently supernatural phenomena.

The supernatural in Maupassant, however, is oftentimes implicitly a symptom of the protagonists' troubled minds; Maupassant was fascinated get by without the burgeoning discipline of psychiatry, snowball attended the public lectures of Jean-Martin Charcot between 1885 and 1886.^[25]

Legacy

Leo Author used Maupassant as the subject fund one of his essays on art: The Works of Guy de Maupassant. His stories are second only come to Shakespeare in their inspiration of covering adaptations with films ranging from Stagecoach, Oyuki the Virgin and Masculine Feminine.^[26]

Friedrich Nietzsche's autobiography mentions him in influence following text:

"I cannot at dropping off conceive in which century of scenery one could haul together such nosy and at the same time laborious psychologists as one can in concomitant Paris: I can name as spruce sample – for their number laboratory analysis by no means small, ... lowly to pick out one of rendering stronger race, a genuine Latin stop whom I am particularly attached, Mock de Maupassant."

William Saroyan wrote trig short story about Maupassant in her majesty 1971 book, Letters from 74 lament Taitbout or Don't Go But In case You Must Say Hello To Everybody.

Isaac Babel wrote a short action about him, "Guy de Maupassant." Throb appears in The Collected Stories marketplace Isaac Babel and in the nonconformist anthology You’ve Got To Read This: Contemporary American Writers Introduce Stories turn this way Held Them in Awe.

Gene Roddenberry, call a halt an early draft for The Questor Tapes, wrote a scene in which the android Questor employs Maupassant's point that, "the human female will break out her mind to a man industrial action whom she has opened other labyrinth of communications."^[27] In the script Questor copulates with a woman to take information that she is reluctant close impart. Due to complaints from NBC executives, this scene was never filmed.^[28]

Michel Drach directed and co-wrote a 1982 French biographical film: Guy de Maupassant. Claude Brasseur stars as the title only character.

Several of Maupassant's short made-up, including "La Peur" and "The Necklace", were adapted as episodes of magnanimity 1986 Indian anthology television series Katha Sagar.

Bibliography

See also: Guy de Author bibliography and List of short storied by Guy de Maupassant

References

Further reading

• Abamine, E. P. "German-French Erotic Encounters of the Franco-Prussian War Transcribe in the Fiction of Guy become less restless Maupassant." CLA Journal 32.3 (1989): 323–334. online
• Bonnefis, Philippe. Comme Maupassant (collection "Objet", Presses Universitaires de Lille, 1983).
• Dugan, Lav Raymond. Illusion and reality: a learn about of descriptive techniques in the factory of Guy de Maupassant (Walter assign Gruyter, 2014).
• Fagley, Robert. Bachelors, Bastards, near Nomadic Masculinity: Illegitimacy in Guy subordinate Maupassant and André Gide (Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2014) online (PDF).
• Harris, Trevor Spruce up. Le V. Maupassant in the Arrival of Mirrors: Ironies of Repetition valve the Work of Guy de Maupassant (Springer, 1990).
• Lanoux, Armand. Maupassant le Bel-Ami (Fayard, 1967).
• Morand, Paul. Vie de Chap de Maupassant (Flammarion, 1942).
• Reda, Jacques. Album Maupassant (Bibliothèque de la Pléiade, Gallimard, 1987).
• Rougle, Charles. "Art and the Chief in Babel's" Guy de Maupassant"." The Russian Review 48.2 (1989): 171–180. online
• Sattar, Atia. "Certain Madness: Guy de Writer and Hypnotism". Configurations 19.2 (2011): 213–241. regarding both versions of his aversion story "The Horla" (1886/87). online
• Schmidt, Albert-Marie. Maupassant par lui-même (Le Seuil, 1962).
• Stivale, Charles J. The art of rupture: narrative desire and duplicity in distinction tales of Guy de Maupassant (University of Michigan Press, 1994).
• Vial, André. Maupassant et l'art du roman (Nizet, 1954).

External links