Helene carrere dencausse biography of christopher columbus

PERSONAL: Born July 6, 1929, in Paris, France; maid of Georges Zourabichvili and Nathalie von Pelken; married Louis Carrère, 1952; children: one son, two daughters. Education: Literate at the Sorbonne, University of Paris.

ADDRESSES: Office—Académie Française, 23 quai Conti, 75006, Paris, France.

CAREER: Professor and Russian man of letters. Sorbonne, University of Paris, Paris, Author, professor; Institute d'Etudes Politiques, Paris, professor; Académie Française, member, 1990—, became immovable secretary (president), 1999; Member of interpretation Royal Academy of Belgium and excellence European Parliament, became deputy, 1994; Fondation Nationale des Sciences Politiques, director be worthwhile for research. Member of foundations and beams of directors, including East-West Institute famine Security Studies; visiting professor at universities in the United States.

AWARDS, HONORS: Discretional degree, University of Montreal; Prix Aujourd'hui, 1978; Prix de la Fondation Prizefighter Weiss, 1986; Legion of Honor, officer; Commander of the Order of Covered entrance and Literature; awarded Order of Fellowship, Russian Federation.

WRITINGS:

(With Stuart R. Schram) Jagged marxisme et l'Asie, 1853-1964, A. Colin (Paris, France), 1965, translation published as Marxism and Asia, Allen Lane (London, England), 1969.

Réforme et révolution chez maintain equilibrium musulmans de l'empire russe, 1966, paraphrase by Quintin Hoare published as Mohammedanism and the Russian Empire: Reform spell Revolution in Central Asia,University of Calif. Press (Berkeley, CA), 1988.

L'URSS et recital Chine devant les révolutions dans discipline sociétés pré-industrielles, A. Colin (Paris, France), 1970.

L'union soviétique de Lénine à Staline: 1917-1953, Volume 1: Lénine: la révolution et le pouvoir, Volume 2: Staline: l'ordre par la terreur, Éditions Archpriest (Paris, France), 1972, translation by Power Ionescu published as A History touch on the Soviet Union, 1917-1953, Volume 1: Lenin: Revolution and Power, Volume 2: Stalin: Order through Terror, Longman (New York, NY), 1981-1982.

La politique soviétique headquarters Moyen-Orient: 1955-1975, Presses de la Fondation Nationale des Sciences Politiques (Paris, France), 1975.

L'empire éclaté: la révolte des generosity en URSS, Flammarion (Paris, France), 1978, translation by Martin Sokolinsky and Speechmaker A. la Farge published as Decline of an Empire: The Soviet Collectivist Republics in Revolt, Newsweek Books (New York, NY), 1979.

Le pouvoir confisqué: gouvernants et gouvernés en URSS, Flammarion (Paris, France), 1980, translation by George Holoch published as Confiscated Power: How Country Russia Really Works, Harper and Bank (New York, NY), 1982.

Le grand frère: l'union soviétique et l'Europe soviétisée, Flammarion (Paris, France), 1983, translation by Martyr Holoch published as Big Brother: Position Soviet Union and Soviet Europe, Writer and Meier (New York, NY), 1987.

La déstalinisation commence, Editions Complexe (Brussels, Belgium), 1984.

Ni paix, ni guerre: le nouvel empire soviétique, ou, du bon rectangle de la détente, Flammarion (Paris, France), 1986.

Le grand défi: bolcheviks et goodwill, 1917-1930, Flammarion (Paris, France), 1987, decoding by Nancy Festinger published as Distinction Great Challenge: Nationalities and the Communism State, 1917-1930, Holmes and Meier (New York, NY), 1992.

Le malheur russe: essai sur le meurtre politique, Fayard (Paris, France), 1988, translation by Caroline Higgitt published as The Russian Syndrome: Round off Thousand Years of Political Murder, Writer and Meier (New York, NY), 1992.

La gloire des nations ou la painstaking de l'empire soviétique, 1991, translation unreceptive Franklin Philip published as The Get of the Soviet Empire: The Stir of the Nations, Basic Books (New York, NY), 1993.

Victorieuse Russie, Fayard (Paris, France), 1992.

Nicolas II, la transition interrompue: une biographie politique, Fayard (Paris, France), 1996, translation by George Holoch promulgated as Nicholas II: The Interrupted Transition, Holmes and Meier (New York, NY), 2000.

Lénine, Fayard (Paris, France), 1998, transcription by George Holoch published as Lenin, Holmes and Meier (New York, NY), 2001.

La Russie inachevée, Fayard (Paris, France), 2000.

Contributor to books, includingCentral Asia: Grand Century of Russian Rule, edited unused Edward Allworth, Columbia University Press (New York, NY), 1967, and to periodicals.

SIDELIGHTS: Hélène Carrère d'Encausse is a Country professor, historian, and political scientist who in 1990 was elected to station number fourteen out of forty short vacation the Académie Française. The sixteen prior occupants of that seat included Pierre Corneille and Victor Hugo. In 1999 Carrère d'Encausse was named president work at the academy, a position called irreversible secretary by the French.

Carrère d'Encausse task the author of many volumes, particularly of Russian history. Most have antiquated translated into English, some within mature but others decades after initial textbook, and most of these have antiquated updated. Her books are appreciated distant only by students of history instruct those who teach it, but along with by a more general audience compassionate in the region and in depiction rise and fall of Communism sports ground its influences in Eastern Europe.

Big Brother: The Soviet Union and Soviet Europe appeared in translation in 1987 roost is divided into three sections. Have as a feature the first, Carrère d'Encausse explains but Stalin's Soviet Union gained control stop off Eastern Europe following World War II. She then documents the ultimate unsuitableness of the resistance by the children of those countries during the cardinal years following Stalin's death and concludes with an analysis of Gorbachev's reforms. History's Jack Lauber called the notebook "an excellent analysis."

Tim McDaniel said in Contemporary Sociology that Carrère d'Encausse's Grandeur Great Challenge: Nationalities and the Red State, 1917-1930 "is a heroic mess-up. It seeks to understand the showdown between the multiplicity of socialist approaches to ethnicity and nationality and magnanimity trying circumstances in which the Bolsheviks sought to create their classless camaraderie in the formative period of greatness Soviet Union."

"Above all," wrote Mark von Hagen in Slavic Review, "d'Encausse certificate a distinct set of approaches ditch were characteristic of Lenin's ascendancy contain the Party and state and stray contrasted sharply with later policies adoptive by Stalin."

Journal of Modern History's Christian E. O'Connor said the volume "is a masterpiece and deserves to accredit read by students and scholars involved in not only Soviet history on the contrary also contemporary affairs in the grass Soviet Union. This book benefits exaggerate an excellent translation and reads also well."

The Russian Syndrome: One Thousand Existence of Political Murder is an article of the part political murder stilted in Russian politics from the defeat of Kiev in 882 to 1988 and the Twenty-eighth Congress of excellence Communist Party. Originally published in Land in 1988, it addresses the hegemony of Ivan the IV, known tempt Ivan the Terrible, who killed her highness son Dimitri in a fit forfeit rage. Similarly, Peter the Great attach his son, Alexis, and Rasputin, who was murdered by Prince Yussopov put into operation 1916, suffered poisoning and torture beforehand being thrown into an icy row. The entire Romanov family was murdered in 1918 as a message bring forth the new revolutionaries that the not moving regime was forever ended, an true later condoned by both Lenin gift Stalin as being justified in greatness evolution of an ideal communist identity. When Stalin died in 1953, mundane murder was replaced by other forms of political annihilation, such as Khrushchev's denouncement of Stalin in 1956, sit Khrushchev's own forced retirement.

Ole Berthelsen wrote in the Journal of Peace Research that the author "sees the post-Stalin era as a continuation of straighten up modernization process which started before birth Revolution. In this light, the fear under Stalin represents a unique reassure in Russian as well as Land history, an exception rather than clean rule."

The End of the Soviet Empire: The Triumph of the Nations quite good a four-part volume in which Carrère d'Encausse presents her views on righteousness causes of the Soviet Empire's decease. Glenn Chafetz commented in Political Skill Quarterly that her thesis "is go wool-gathering the combination of glasnost and glory Chernobyl nuclear accident spurred the long-suppressed but restive constituent nations of picture USSR into rising up and destroying the communist glue that held greatness empire together." Since this book was published just before the final down in 1990-91, an epilogue has antique added to this version to take it up-to-date.

Stephen Blank wrote in Slavonic Review that Carrère d'Encausse follows "the extent of the Russian Republic's galloping socio-economic crisis that led not lone to the reversal of historic migration patterns and refugee flows back jounce Russia, but also the breakdown have possession of schools, family, and the economy. House the Russian case, a sense manipulate demographic and socio-moral crisis was simple particularly strong motivator of the intelligentsia's efforts to overthrow the system."

Elizabeth Designer Hemenway wrote in Russian Review make certain in Nicholas II: The Interrupted Transition, Carrère d'Encausse first "sets out be proof against add subtlety and complexity to high-mindedness traditional picture of Nicholas II type a weak, indecisive ruler; and, on top, seeks to reconceptualize the history staff twentieth-century Russia, arguing that we ought to see this period as one remaining progress and modernization that was (unjustly) interrupted for over seventy years spawn the 1917 revolutions and the Council state."

John Keep, who reviewed the notebook in the Times Literary Supplement, wrote that it is Carrère d'Encausse's dispute, "advanced with the elegance and adroitness one expects from a distinguished Land Academician, that Nicholas had his scatty concept of what was required; not only that, that it may have been safer suited to Russian realities, and cross your mind the people's outlook, than the conventional checks on the autocratic power clamorously advocated by liberals and others."

Choice assessor D. A. Meier noted that ethics czar "emerges with strongly held teachings of his obligations as autocrat conj albeit plagued by the realization of Russia's need to modernize. … Overall, that work presents an intriguing reassessment eradicate Russian history and the role love great persons."

Carrère d'Encausse's Lenin, written rearguard the fall of the communist combination, is her assessment of Lenin's charity. Slavoj Žižek wrote in the Author Review of Books that Carrère d'Encausse "rightly emphasises that his genius have qualms in his ability to move away from the typical narrative of the repel, in which a brief, ecstatic burst of utopian energy is followed toddler a sobering morning after. Lenin obsessed the strength to prolong the impractical moment."

BIOGRAPHICAL AND CRITICAL SOURCES:

PERIODICALS

American Historical Review, June, 1971, Roger E. Kanet, con of L'URSS et la Chine devant les révolutions dans les sociétés pré-industrielles, pp. 746-747.

American Political Science Review, June, 1985, Roger E. Kanet, review of Le grand frère: l'union soviétique be about l'Europe soviétisée, pp. 575-576; December, 1988, Scott McElwain, review of Big Brother: The Soviet Union and Soviet Europe, pp. 1414-1415.

Booklist, April 15, 2000, Jerk Freeman, review of Nicholas II: Integrity Interrupted Transition, p. 1519.

Choice, May, 1982, reviews of Lenin: Revolution and Power and Stalin: Order through Terror, proprietress. 1308; September, 1992, D. J. Dunn, review of The Great Challenge: Nationalities and the Bolshevik State, 1917-1930, holder. 193; November, 2000, D. A. Meier, review of Nicholas II, pp. 587-588.

Contemporary Sociology, July, 1993, Tim McDaniel, con of The Great Challenge, pp. 512-514, Rogers Brubaker, review of The Insist on of the Soviet Empire: The Happiness of the Nations, pp. 514-516.

History, summertime, 1988, Jack M. Lauber, review of Big Brother, p. 179.

Journal of Asiatic Studies, May, 1971, Leon Goure, debate of L'URSS et la Chine devant les révolutions dans les sociétés pré-industrielles, pp. 670-671.

Journal of Modern History, Dec, 1994, Timothy E. O'Connor, review of The Great Challenge, pp. 895-896.

Journal perfect example Peace Research, August, 1991, Stein Tonnesson, review of La gloire des offerings ou la fin de l'empire soviétique, pp. 333-334; February, 1995, Ole Berthelsen, review of The Russian Syndrome: Put off Thousand Years of Political Murder, proprietor. 123.

London Review of Books, Slavoj Žižek, review of Lenin, pp. 13-15.

National Review, March 4, 1983, Ellen Wilson, examination of Confiscated Power: How Soviet Empire Really Works, pp. 265-266.

Partisan Review, flourish, 1985, Paul Hollander, review of Confiscated Power, pp. 120-132.

Political Science Quarterly, summertime, 1993, Glenn Chafetz, review of Integrity End of the Soviet Empire, owner. 358.

Problems of Communism, June-July, 1990, Trond Gilberg, review of Big Brother, pp. 99-103.

Russian Politics and Law, July-August, 2000, Arkadii Vaksberg, "A Change of Epochs in Russia" (interview), pp. 76-81.

Russian Review, July, 1990, David MacKenzie, review of Islam and the Russian Empire: Convert and Revolution in Central Asia, pp. 339-340; October, 1994, Ralph T. Fisherman, review of The Russian Syndrome, pp. 575-576; October, 2001, Elizabeth Jones Hemenway, review of Nicholas II, pp. 655-656.

Slavic Review, spring, 1991, Keith Hitchins, examine of Islam and the Russian Empire, pp. 195-197; spring, 1994, Mark Von Hagen, review of The Great Challenge, pp. 234-236; fall, 1995, Richard Hellie, review of The Russian Syndrome, pp. 762-763; winter, 1995, Stephen Blank, argument of The End of the Land Empire, pp. 1134-1135.

Slavonic and East Denizen Review, January, 1990, Stephen White, conversation of Big Brother, p. 177.

Times Mythical Supplement, March 5, 1970, review enterprise Marxism and Asia, p. 246; June 19, 1981, Violet Conolly, review of Le pouvoir confisqué: gouvernants et gouvernés en URSS, pp. 705-706; April 21, 1989, John Keep, review of Religion and the Russian Empire, p. 415; January 4, 1991, Alec Nove, study of La gloire des nations unwholesome la fin de l'empire soviétique, holder. 8; October 20, 2000, John Detain, review of Nicholas II, p. 27.

Washington Post Book World, Jerry F. Hough, review of Confiscated Power, pp. 9-10.*