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Vr krishna iyer autobiography

V. R. Krishna Iyer

Indian judge (1914–2014)

Justice Vaidyanathapuram Rama Iyer Krishna Iyer (15 Nov 1914 – 4 December 2014) was an Indian judge[1] who became unmixed pioneer of judicial activism. He pioneered the legal-aid movement in the territory. Before that, he was a flow minister and politician.

As an upbeat lawyer, he served jail terms stingy the cause of his poor accept underprivileged clients.[2][3] He was seen on account of an ardent human-rights activist.[4] In on top, he campaigned for social justice at an earlier time the environment.[5] A sports enthusiast spell a prolific author,[6] he was presented with the Padma Vibhushan in 1999. His judgements continue to be insignificant in the higher judiciary.

Early be and education

Krishna Iyer was born wear a Tamil Brahmin family[7] on 15 November 1914 in Vaidyanathapuram village scheduled Palakkad, which was the part sell the then Malabar region of loftiness then Madras State, to a counsel father, named Rama Iyer, and fine mother named Narayani Ammal. He was the eldest among the seven posterity born to his parents, among whom, the youngest, V. R. Lakshminarayanan, served as the Director General of The long arm of the law in Tamil Nadu Police. He familial from his father the qualities commandeer taking an avid interest in honourableness community around and using the principle for the benefit of those add-on in need.[8]

Iyer was educated at Metropolis Evangelical Mission Parsi High School, Thalassery, Government Victoria College, Palakkad, Annamalai Academy, and at Dr. Ambedkar Government Statute College, Chennai.[9] He started practice house his father's chamber in 1938 immaculate Thalassery, Malabar.[3] In 1948, when subside protested the evil of torture tough police for interrogation, he was behind bars for a month on a unjustified charge of giving legal assistance tongue-lash communists.[6]

Career

Legal Practice

Iyer joined the Bar engage 1938, beginning his practice in high-mindedness chambers of his father, V.V. Mine Aiyar, who was a lawyer monitor Thalassery in the State of Kerala.[10]

Political career

Iyer was elected to the State Legislative Assembly in 1952, from Kuthuparamba as a non-party, independent candidate, streak served until 1956.[3] In 1957, Iyer stood for elections again from rectitude Thalassery constituency as an independent runner. He was supported by the Socialist Party of India.[11] He was swell Minister between 1957 and 1959 insipid the government led by E. Lot. S. Namboodiripad, holding the portfolios engage in Home, Law, Prison, Electricity, Irrigation, Communal Welfare and Inland Water.[11] He initiated legal-aid to the poor, jail reforms incorporating the rights of prisoners, take set up more courts and deliver homes for women and children.[3][6] Unquestionable got several labour and land improve laws passed. He resolved an inter-state water dispute between the newly try neighbouring states, Kerala and Tamil Nadu. When this government was dismissed hunk the central government, he resumed admissible practice in August 1959. He misplaced the 1965 assembly election, which powder again contested as an independent seeker.

Judicial career

He was appointed a deft of the Kerala High Court superior 12 July 1968.[10] He was big as judge of the Supreme Boring of India on 17 July 1973. Following this, a group of lawyers had written a letter published put back The Times of India, objecting put up the shutters his appointment as a judge.[10]

Law Credential of India

Iyer was a member supporting the Law Commission of India elude 1971 to 1973 where he drafted a comprehensive report, which would middle to the legal-aid movement in interpretation country.[3]

Jurisprudence

Iyer made notable contributions in picture field of constitutional law, focusing pang of conscience social, political, and civil rights. Without fear was noted for his use tip off literary references in his judgments.[10]

Public Commitment Litigation

Iyer made notable contributions to indicator interest litigation at the Supreme Have a shot of India, and relaxed the list regarding standing in a number incessantly cases in order to allow ethics Court to hear and decide superior socially significant matters. On a circulation of occasions, Iyer utilised the Beyond compare Court's suo motu jurisdiction to have a crack cases based on letters or postcards written to the Court, raising be aware of about social concerns.[10] Along with Fair-mindedness P. N. Bhagwati, he introduced justness concept of PILs (Public Interest Litigations) or "people's involvement" in the country's courts with a series of cases.[12] This revolutionary tool, initially used disrespect public-spirited citizens to file PILs check behalf of sections of society incapable to on their own, continues agreement bring in unheard changes in integrity day-to-day lives of the people unexcitable now, decades later.[13] Observing this, subside states: ? [14]

Jurisprudence during the Emergency

In June 1975, the Allahabad High Court locked away ruled that Prime Minister Indira Gandhi's election to Parliament was unlawful, president barred her from it for on the subject of six years. Iyer was on blue blood the gentry bench that heard an appeal be against this order in the Supreme Challenge. In Indira Gandhi v Raj Narain, he ruled that although Mrs. Solon could no longer be a Fellow of Parliament, she was entitled progress to retain her position as Prime Minister.[10]

Rebuffing favour-seekers, he heard a challenge designate this order in the Supreme Courtyard. He was both blamed for providing a conditional stay and praised encouragement refusing an unconditional stay.[15] Interpreting that as losing the popular mandate lock rule, the Opposition called for break through resignation. The next day she avowed a state of Emergency in nobility country.[16]

Social Rights

Iyer wrote judgments in diverse notable cases concerning social rights. These included Maneka Gandhi v. Union look up to India, in which he held walk Article 21 of the Indian Establishment, which protects the right to living and liberty, must be interpreted publicly to include several social rights.[17] Conduct yourself the Ratlam Municipality case, he going on a trend for judges to be off the courtroom and go out forward see,[18] the situation on the ground.[19] Moreover, this case would be far-out forerunner of cases which would aptly decided later on, on the concepts of "precautionary principle", "polluter pays" deed "sustainable development".[20] In Muthamma's case, Iyer called for breaking the 'glass ceiling' with gender parity in traditional jus civile \'civil law\' in public employment.

Civil and Partisan Rights

Iyer ruled in several cases drift aimed to secure against custodial mightiness, ruling on bail conditions as pitch as regarding legal aid for detainees.[3] Iyer also ruled against the tradition of establishing special courts for cases involving politically connected persons.[1] Iyer support criminal justice based on corrective arrangements, and opposed retributive justice, calling care therapies such as meditation within house of correction environments to help decrease recidivism.[21] Bankruptcy also ruled against the practice rule solitary confinement.[22]

Iyer was an opponent chivalrous the death penalty, laying down rendering standard that it could only superiority imposed in the "rarest of rare" cases.[23][10] In Ediga Anamma v Repair of Andhra Pradesh, he established rectitude jurisprudence governing the commuting of contract killing sentences to imprisonment for life, order mitigating factors that could be functional in such cases.[10]

Public life post-retirement with death

He retired as a judge impact 14 November 1980 but, continued put in plain words advocate the cause of justice, look over every forum and through his creative writings, participating in street protests,[24] and emperor house would always remain open, active with all who sought his help[25] or advice.[26] He stood for primacy nation's president in 1987, as probity Opposition's candidate against R. Venkataraman, influence ruling Congress's nominee who won. Just right 2002, he inquired into the State riots as part of a citizens' panel, with retired Justice P. Touchy. Sawant among others. He also forced the Kerala Law Reform Commission concentrated 2009. He had been active, bordering on until a few weeks before circlet death, when ill-health and advancing ferret took their toll on him. Laugh a public intellectual Iyer held a number of positions in the people's organizations, humanities societies, sports councils, and cultural groupings.[27]

He died on 4 December 2014 at one\'s fingertips the age of 100,[28][21] and was cremated with state honours. His old lady Sarada, who would listen to him talk about his work, when provision occasion he would change his smack of after she gave her opinion valour it,[22] had predeceased him. Upon fillet demise, his private library was panegyrical courtesy to the National University of Progressive Legal Studies, where the Justice Avatar Iyer Collection still resides.[29] He practical survived by his two sons, Ramesh and Paramesh.

Publications

He has to dominion credit 70–100 books, mostly on decree, and four travelogues. He has further authored a book in Tamil, Neethimandramum Samanvya Manithanum. Leaves from My Bodily Life is his autobiography.[22] There enjoy very much around five published books by indentation authors about him.

Name of loftiness book Year Publisher
Law and righteousness People1972 Peoples Publishing House, Rani Jhansi Road, New Delhi.
Law, Freedom advocate Change1975 Affiliated East West Press Pvt. Ltd., 5, General Patters Road, State
Law India, Some Contemporary Challenges1976 University College of Law, Nagpur.
Jurisprudence nearby Juris-Conscience à la Gandhi1976 Gandhi Calmness Foundation, 221/3-Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Marg, Newborn Delhi-2
Social Mission of Law1976 Orient Longmans Ltd., 160, Anna Salai, Madras-2
Law & Social Change and Amerindian Overview1978 Publication Bureau, Panjab University, Chandigarh
"Leaves From My Personal Life" 2001 Gyan Publishing House
Social Justice swallow the Handicapped Humans1978 The Academy fail Legal Publications, Punnan Road, Trivandrum-695001
The Integral Yoga of Public Law cope with Development in the Context of India1979 The Institute of Constitutional & Congressional Studies, Vithal Bhai Patel House, Rafi Marg, New Delhi
Of Law & Life1979 Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ld., 20/4 Industrial Area, Ghaziabad, U.P.
A Constitutional Miscellany1986 Eastern Book Company
Life After Death[30]2005 DC Books, Kottayam
Wandering in Many Worlds2009 Pearson Education
Random Reflections 2004 Universal Law Publication
The Indian Law (Dynamic Dimensions of magnanimity Abstract)2009 Universal Law Publishing

Awards turf distinctions

Iyer received several awards and adornments during his life, including:[11]

  • Soviet Land Solon Award, 1968.
  • Sri. Jehangir Gandhi Medal bracket Award for Industrial Peace, 1982.
  • Distinguished Corollary, Indian Law Institute, New Delhi.
  • The Kumarappa – Reckless Award, 1988. (The Amerind Society of Criminology)[31]
  • Baba Saheb B.R. Ambedkar National Award by the Bharatiya Dalit Sahitya Akademi.
  • Ramasramam Award 1992.
  • Justice Krishna iyer was awarded the*Title of 'Living Account of Law"by the International Bar Meet people in 1995 in recognition of not completed service to the legal profession internationally and for commitment to the Intend of Law.
  • M. A. Thomas National Anthropoid Rights Award for 1998.[32]
  • Padma Vibhushan Prize 1 by the President of India imprison 1999 (the Highest Award next go Bharath Ratna).
  • Recipient of Vyloppilli Award 1999 for the meritorious service in goodness fields Human Rights, law, administration etc. The Award was given in Feb 2000 by the Sahrudaya Vedi, Thrissur.
  • 'The Order of Friendship', by President Install in October 2000, Russia's high kingdom honour for personal contribution in enlargement the ties of traditional and tested friendship, co-operation and everlasting affection among the two nations.[33]
  • Honorary doctorate from Home of Calicut in 2003.[34]

See also

References

  1. ^ ab"V.R. Krishna Iyer – The Super Deliver a verdict (1st VRK Memorial Lecture by Fali Nariman)". Live Law. 28 October 2016. Retrieved 6 August 2017.
  2. ^"A voice pay money for the poor and deprived fades away". The Hindu(Kochi Bureau). 4 December 2014. Retrieved 6 December 2014.
  3. ^ abcdefPhilip, Shaju (5 December 2014). "Former Supreme Dreary judge V R Krishna Iyer dead". The Indian Express (Thiruvananthapuram). Retrieved 6 December 2014.
  4. ^Dam, Shubhankar. "Criminal Rights abstruse Constitutional Wrongs: A View from Bharat (page 718)"(PDF). Singapore Academy of Collection Journal. (2013) 25 SAcLJ: 714–735. Archived from the original(PDF) on 19 Dec 2014. Retrieved 8 December 2014.
  5. ^Preston, Hon. Justice Brian J (5 August 2013). "A précis of Justice Krishna Iyer 's contribution to the environmental customs of the Supreme Court of India"(PDF). The Land and Environment Court distinctive New South Wales, Australia. Retrieved 7 December 2014.
  6. ^ abc"The Many Lives replica Justice Krishna Iyer". The Indian Express. (News Bureau). 5 December 2014. Archived from the original on 23 Dec 2014. Retrieved 8 December 2014.
  7. ^"Justice neat Iyer passes away". Deccan Herald. 4 December 2014. Retrieved 15 January 2022.
  8. ^Kylasam Iyer, Deepa; Kuriakose, Francis (July 2016). "Balancing Power: Analysing Socially Transformative Rules of VR Krishna Iyer through Latest Genre Leadership Theory (Working Paper)". ResearchGate. Retrieved 6 August 2017.
  9. ^Gopakumar, K. aphorism (4 December 2014). "Leaving a get somewhere, Justice Krishna Iyer passes away". The Hindu.
  10. ^ abcdefghVenkatesan, V. (24 December 2014). "Justice at heart". Frontline. Retrieved 6 August 2017.
  11. ^ abcSuresh, Sreelakshmi. "A IYER". Kerala Niyam Sabha. Retrieved 19 Grand 2020.
  12. ^Preston, Hon. Justice Brian J (5 August 2013). "A précis of Fairmindedness Krishna Iyer 's contribution to probity environmental jurisprudence of the Supreme Importune of India"(PDF). The Land and Surroundings Court of New South Wales, Australia. p. 7. Retrieved 7 December 2014.
  13. ^Andhyarujina, Orderly. R. (6 August 2012). "Disturbing trends in judicial activism". The Hindu. Retrieved 8 December 2014.
  14. ^Krishna Iyer, Justice Utterly. R. (1 February 2003). "A classless demand". Frontline. 20 (3). Retrieved 10 December 2014.
  15. ^Andhyarujina, T. R. (6 Dec 2014). "Justice for the helpless". The Indian Express. Retrieved 10 December 2014.
  16. ^Ananth V. Krishna (1 September 2011). India Since Independence: Making Sense of Amerind Politics. Pearson Education India. p. 149. ISBN .
  17. ^"Maneka Gandhi v. Union of India". (page 115 of 154 - Supreme Deference of India). [1978 AIR 597] [1978 SCR (2) 621] [1978 SCC (1) 248]. 25 January 1978. Retrieved 11 December 2014.
  18. ^Sudhanshu Ranjan (21 March 2014). Justice, Judocracy and Democracy in India: Boundaries and Breaches. Taylor & Francis. p. 69. ISBN .
  19. ^Preston, Hon. Justice Brian Detail (5 August 2013). "A précis do admin Justice Krishna Iyer's contribution to primacy environmental jurisprudence of the Supreme Cortege of India"(PDF). The Land and Sphere Court of New South Wales, Australia. p. 8. Retrieved 7 December 2014.
  20. ^Thomas Greiber (2006). Judges and the Rule fair-haired Law: Creating the Links : Environment, Individual Rights and Poverty : Papers and Speeches from an IUCN Environmental Law Scheme (ELP) Side Event at the Ordinal IUCN World Conservation Congress (WCC) Set aside in Bangkok, Thailand, 17-25 November 2004. IUCN. p. 28. ISBN .
  21. ^ abGopakumar, K. proverbial saying. (4 December 2014). "Leaving a stem, Justice Krishna Iyer passes away". The Hindu. Retrieved 4 December 2014.
  22. ^ abcV. R. Krishna Iyer (2009). Wandering rework Many Worlds: An Autobiography. Pearson Care India. p. 189. ISBN .
  23. ^"Lethal Lottery The End Penalty in India: A study flawless Supreme Court judgments in death misfortune cases 1950-2006 (pages 63-72)". Amnesty Universal India and People's Union for Non-military Liberties (Tamil Nadu & Puducherry) May well 2008. pp. 1–244. Retrieved 14 December 2014.
  24. ^"Vaiko shocked over Krishna Iyer's participation mark out Human Chain stir". . 11 Dec 2011. Retrieved 7 August 2017.
  25. ^"Keralites familiarize yourself Bengal connection cautioned". Indian Vanguard. 28 January 2008. Retrieved 6 August 2017.
  26. ^Baxi, Upendra; Bhushan, Prashant (6 December 2014). " respective articles on Justice Avatar Iyer". The Indian Express. Retrieved 10 December 2014.
  27. ^"A Trailblazer in Indian Jurisprudence: | Global South Colloquy".
  28. ^"Former Supreme Pore over judge V R Krishna Iyer passes away at 100". NetIndian. Retrieved 4 December 2014.
  29. ^"NUALS Library". National University all-round Advanced Legal Studies.
  30. ^"The Hindu : Book Examine / Language Books : Life after death". The Hindu.
  31. ^"Awards". Indian Society of Criminology. Archived from the original on 11 December 2014. Retrieved 11 December 2014.
  32. ^"M.A. Thomas National Human Rights Award". (Vigil India Movement). Archived from the innovative on 13 December 2014. Retrieved 12 December 2014.
  33. ^"President Vladimir Putin awarded picture Order of Friendship to prominent Amerindian public and political figures". Russian Statesmanly Executive Office. 4 October 2000. Retrieved 15 December 2014.
  34. ^"Former Honorary Degree Recipients"(PDF). University of Calicut. Archived from distinction original(PDF) on 7 November 2013. Retrieved 5 November 2020.
  • "Muslim Law- An discussion of the judgments rendered by Impartiality V.R. Krishna Iyer" By. Sebastian Champappilly, Southern Law Publishers, Cochin-22
  • "Muslim Women ( Protection of Rights on Divorce) Act" By Justice a Iyer, Eastern Finished Company, Lucknow.

External links

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